A Madman Dreams

下午去听了物理系的一个 public lecture,演讲人是 Janna Levin。她是搞宇宙学的物理学家,但同时也是一个科学写作家,这次她算是宣传她的新书《A Madman Dreams of Turing Machines》。我本来是对这种讲座兴致不大的,但中午瞟了一眼介绍,发现似乎会很有趣。她的这本半虚构半写实的书讲述了两个传奇人物 Kurt Gödel 和 Alan Turing 一生中的挣扎。

Gödel最主要的贡献之一是创立了 Gödel numbering,证明了一个可计算的数学公理系统是不能既自洽又完备的 (incompleteness theorem),unprovable truth 是存在的,比如他证明了一个公理的自洽性是无法在系统内被证明的,但他同时相信公理是自洽的,他认为这就是一个不可证明的真相。而Turing把Gödel的算术语言发扬光大,建立了我们现在所说的图灵机,而且证明了Entscheidungsproblem ((The Entscheidungsproblem (German for ‘decision problem’) is the challenge in symbolic logic to find a general algorithm which decides for given first-order statements whether they are universally valid or not. from wikipedia))是没有解答的,他对计算科学以及人工智能的影响是非常深远的,常被称为现代计算机科学之父,而且他对密码学影响也同样很大,在二战时设计建造了bombe,成功破解了德国的Enigma代码,如果没有他,战争恐怕还要多持续好几年。他们两个人的成果共同证明了我们的所知是有限的,但这两位天才逻辑学家对人思想的看法却是大相径庭的,Gödel相信人的灵魂是可以留转的(transmigration of the soul),但Turing相信人不过是无灵魂的生物机器。我个人来说,其实就是介绍中 we were soulless biological machines 这句话把我拉去听这讲座的。

可惜这样两个天才人物的一生却都一样的悲剧。Gödel患有严重的妄想症,在他的夫人身体虚弱到不能亲自为他做饭后,他拒绝进食因为他认为有人要在食物里投毒害他,最终硬生生的把自己饿死,死的时候体重只剩下不到30公斤。而Turing,抛开他对计算科学人工智能的贡献不说,光他在二战中的解码贡献就足以让他成为英雄,但他却因”acts of gross indecency”的罪名被捕入狱,并被强迫接收激素治疗,原因居然是他不喜撒谎,坦诚自己是同性恋,而在那个时代,这不仅仅被当作是精神疾病而且还是犯罪。最终的结果是,Turing在生命中的第42年,吃下一个沾有氰化物的苹果,死掉了。这两个人,一个害怕别人毒害自己而饿死,而另一个却自己毒死自己。如果说Gödel的悲剧更多的是因为他自己钻入了每一步都严守逻辑却导向无稽结果的怪圈 ((当然也有其他的刺激当导火索,Moritz Schlick 被谋杀对他影响很大)),那么Turing的悲剧更多的是因为一个变形的社会,你当然可以argue是他自己选择了不符合标准的生活方式,他不识时务,对此我无法辩驳,只是这一切让人很悲伤。

我对逻辑学和哲学造诣不深,很多概念我听得还是糊里糊涂的,Janna也没准备讲清楚,她说他们的一些证明十分精巧,常常会你觉得你懂了但时不时就又糊涂一下,她最常用的一个形容词就是ingenious。但不管怎样,这个讲座还是挺有趣的,勾起人的一些思考,我很有冲动去看看 Gödel numbering 到底是怎么一回事,反正她简单介绍的时候我是被讲晕了。而且做科学的,总是需要偶尔停下来去思考一些最基础的问题,即使一些问题恐怕注定纠缠无解答。讲座完后她选了书中的一段来读,听人读英文书,真难懂-_-。最后,我来列一句Gödel在维也纳所在的小组织 Vienna Circle 所推崇的哲学家 Ludwig Wittgenstein 的名言:

“Wovon man nicht sprechen kann, darüber muß man schweigen”
“What we cannot speak of, we must pass over in silence.”

9 comments

  1. If you are really interested in Godel’s proof, I refer you to the book ‘Godel Escher Bach’ (well known as GEB). I am reading it now. The book is an interesting one, but I don’t expect you to like it very much……it is not your type I think. Anyway, I strongly recommend.

  2. You are probably right. It’s unlikely I will really enjoy those books…. I guess what I need is just someone explains the basic idea to me. That should be enough for me…

    btw: reading Gödel’s book, you are still so cool @@.

  3. no, no way! it’s not a book by Godel, but of Godel’s proof…it was written by a CS professor of Indiana Univ. at Bloomington. This book also won the writer a Pulitzer prize. Google it, coz even not a book you likely want to read, it is surely something you have to know about.

  4. I googled the book and it looks like a very interesting book. Unfortunately, all the (two) copies in our library have been checked out. So I have to do the evil thing -_-. Anyway, seems the book is very scary….

    What wiki says about the book’s translation is quite amusing:

    Translation has been a complex task, which has resulted in new material and interplay between the translators and Hofstadter. For instance, in Chinese, the subtitle is not a translation of an Eternal Golden Braid, but a seemingly unrelated (and nonsense) phrase Jí Yì Bì (集异璧, literally “collection of exotic jade”) which turns out homophonic with GEB.

  5. 说来很巧,当年在贝贝和梨园合租的那间长春园的房间里我在书架上看到了这本书的中译本(是属于原屋主的),对这个egb的翻译也很有印象。

  6. [quote comment=”2446″]怎么这么消极的说。。[/quote]
    哪里消极了捏?~
    [quote comment=”2447″]-.-我当年怎么就没有注意到那本书的存在…[/quote]
    大概你太醉心和梨园同居了。。。

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